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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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sovietun.3
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Government
Long-form name: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics;
abbreviated USSR.
Type: Communist state.
Capital: Moscow.
Administrative divisions: 1 soviet federative socialist
republic* (sovetskaya federativnaya sotsialistcheskaya respublika)
and 14 soviet socialist republics (sovetskiye sotsialisticheskiye
respubliki, singular--sovetskaya sotsialisticheskaya respublika);
Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist
Republic, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Estonian
Soviet Socialist Republic, Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic,
Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, Kirghiz Soviet Socialist
Republic, Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic, Lithuanian
Soviet Socialist Republic, Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic,
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic*, Tajik Soviet
Socialist Republic, Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic, Ukrainian
Soviet Socialist Republic, Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic;
note--the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic is often
abbreviated RSFSR and Soviet Socialist Republic is often
abbreviated SSR.
Independence: 1721 (Russian Empire proclaimed).
Constitution: 7 October 1977.
Legal system: civil law system as modified by Communist
legal theory; no judicial review of legislative acts; has
not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction.
National holiday: Great October Socialist Revolution, 7-8 November
(1917).
Executive branch: president.
Legislative branch: the Congress of People's Deputies is
the supreme organ of USSR state power and selects the bicameral
USSR Supreme Soviet (Verkhovnyy Sovyet) which consists of
two coequal houses--Council of the Union (Sovet Soyuza)
and Council of Nationalities (Sovet Natsionalnostey).
Judicial branch: Supreme Court of the USSR.
Leaders:
Chief of State--President Mikhail Sergeyevich GORBACHEV
(since 14 March 1990; General Secretary of the Central Committee
of the Communist Party since 11 March 1985);
Head of Government--Chairman of the USSR Council of Ministers
Nikolay Ivanovich RYZHKOV (since 28 September 1985).
Political parties and leaders: only party--Communist Party
of the Soviet Union (CPSU), President Mikhail Sergeyevich
Gorbachev, general secretary of the Central Committee of the
CPSU; note--the CPSU is the only party, but others are forming.
Suffrage: universal at age 18.
Elections:
President--last held 14 March 1990 (next to be held NA 1995);
results--Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev was elected by the Congress
of People's Deputies;
Congress of People's Deputies--last held 12 March 1990 (next to be
held NA); results--CPSU is the only party; seats--(2,250 total)
CPSU 1,931, non-CPSU 319;
USSR Supreme Soviet--last held NA June 1989 (next to be
held NA); results--CPSU is the only party; seats--(542 total)
CPSU 475, non-CPSU 67;
Council of the Union--last held Spring 1989 (next to be
held NA); results--CPSU is the only party; seats--(271 total)
CPSU 239, non-CPSU 32;
Council of Nationalities--last held Spring 1989 (next to
be held NA); results--CPSU is the only party; seats--(271
total) CPSU 236, non-CPSU 35
Communists: about 19 million party members.
Other political or pressure groups: Komsomol, trade unions,
and other organizations that facilitate Communist control;
regional popular fronts, informal organizations, and nascent
parties with varying attitudes toward the Communist Party
establishment.
Member of: CEMA, ESCAP, IAEA, IBEC, ICAC, ICAO, ICCO, ICES,
ILO, ILZSG, IMO, INRO, INTERPOL, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, International
Whaling Commission, IWC--International Wheat Council, UN, UNCTAD,
UNESCO, UPU, Warsaw Pact, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO.
Diplomatic representation: Ambassador-designate Aleksandr
BESSMERTNYKH; Chancery at 1125 16th Street NW, Washington
DC 20036; telephone (202) 628-7551 or 8548; there is a Soviet
Consulate General in San Francisco; US--Ambassador Jack
F. MATLOCK, Jr.; Embassy at Ulitsa Chaykovskogo 19/21/23,
Moscow (mailing address is APO New York 09862); telephone
[7] (096) 252-24-51 through 59; there is a US Consulate
General in Leningrad.
Flag: red with the yellow silhouette of a crossed hammer
and sickle below a yellow-edged five-pointed red star in
the upper hoist-side corner.